High-fat diet promotes coagulation and endothelial activation in Sprague Dawley rats: Short-term effects of combined oral contraceptives / Dieta alta en grasas promueve la coagulación y la activación endotelial en ratas Sprague Dawley: efectos a corto plazo de los anticonceptivos orales combinados

Background Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), use in individuals are associated with increased risk of thrombotic events. This highlights the significance of assessing the impact of COC on promoting coagulation and endothelial activation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Sprague Dawley rats. Methods Twenty (20) five-weeks-old female Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 150 and 200g were subjected to both LFD and HFD-feeding for 8-weeks to determine its influence on basic metabolic status, hemostatic profile, hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), as well as selected biomarkers of coagulation (tissue factor and D-dimer) and endothelial activation (Von Willebrand factor and nitric oxide). Thereafter HFD-fed animals were treated with receive high dose combined oral contraceptive (HCOC) and low dose combine oral contraceptive (LCOC) for 6 weeks. Results Our results showed that beyond weight gain, HFD-feeding was associated with hyperglycemia, increased mean arterial pressure, and reduced nitric oxide levels when compared with LFD group (p<0.05). Interestingly, treatment with high dose of COC for 6-weeks did not significantly alter atherothrombotic markers (p>0.05). However, this study is not without limitation as regulation of these markers remains to be confirmed within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals. Conclusion HFD-feeding orchestrate the concomitant release of pro-coagulants and endothelial activation markers in rats leading to haemostatic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction. Short-term treatment with COC shows no detrimental effects in these HFD-fed rats. Although in terms of clinical relevance, our findings depict the notion that the risk of CVD in association with COC may depend on the dosage and duration of use among other factors especially in certain conditions. ... (AU)

Antecedentes El uso de anticonceptivos orales combinados (AOC) en individuos se asocia con un mayor riesgo de eventos trombóticos. Esto resalta la importancia de evaluar el impacto de los AOC en la promoción de la coagulación y la activación endotelial en ratas Sprague Dawley alimentadas con una dieta alta en grasas (HFD). Métodos Veinte (20) ratas Sprague Dawley hembra de 5semanas de edad con un peso entre 150-200g fueron tratadas mediante una alimentación con dieta baja en grasas (LFD) y alta en grasas (HFD) durante 8 semanas para determinar su influencia en el estado metabólico básico, perfil hemostático, parámetros hemodinámicos (presión arterial y frecuencia cardíaca), así como biomarcadores seleccionados de coagulación (factor tisular y D-dímero) y activación endotelial (factor de von Willebrand y óxido nítrico). Posteriormente, los animales alimentados con HFD fueron tratados con dosis alta de anticonceptivo oral combinado (AOC-AL) y dosis baja de anticonceptivo oral combinado (AOC-BL) durante 6 semanas. Resultados Nuestros resultados mostraron que, además del aumento de peso, la alimentación con HFD se asoció con hiperglucemia, aumento de la presión arterial media y niveles reducidos de óxido nítrico en comparación con el grupo LFD (p<0,05). Curiosamente, el tratamiento con dosis alta de AOC durante 6 semanas no alteró significativamente los marcadores aterotrombóticos (p>0,05). Sin embargo, este estudio no está exento de limitaciones, ya que la regulación de estos marcadores aún debe confirmarse en los tejidos cardíacos o las células endoteliales de estos animales. Conclusión La alimentación con HFD orquesta la liberación concomitante de procoagulantes y marcadores de activación endotelial en ratas, lo que conduce a un desequilibrio hemostático y disfunción endotelial. El tratamiento a corto plazo con AOC no muestra efectos perjudiciales en estas ratas alimentadas con HFD. ... (AU)

Impact of Mediterranean diet in lowering risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study

Introduction and objectives: The prevalence of gestational diabetes is increasing, and the Mediterranean diet is highly recommended for health. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study the presence of GDM is the dependent variable, and socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics and adherence to the Mediterranean diet are the independent variables in this study, which was carried out in pregnant women who were 24–28 weeks pregnant and had Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, weight and height measurements of the pregnant women were made, and the diagnosis of GDM was made with OGTT.ResultsTwo hundred and seven pregnant women participated in the study and 85 of them (41.1%) were diagnosed as GDM. According to Logistic Regression models, age (OR: 1.088, 95% CI: 1.031–1.149) and infertility treatment (OR: 4.570, 95% CI: 1.443–14.474) significantly increased the occurrence of GDM, while adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 0.683, 95% CI: 0.568–0.820) significantly reduced the risk.ConclusionsNearly two-fifths of pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM while only one-fourth complied with a Mediterranean diet. The increase in the frequency of GDM should be carefully monitored. It may be useful to detect risky pregnant women at the time of the first diagnosis, to measure their glucose levels, and to give suggestions about the Mediterranean diet in the early period. (AU)

Introducción y objetivos: La prevalencia de diabetes gestacional está aumentando y la dieta mediterránea es muy recomendable para la salud. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la relación entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG).Materiales y métodosEn este estudio transversal la presencia de DMG es la variable dependiente, y las características sociodemográficas y antropométricas y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea son las variables independientes de este estudio, que se llevó a cabo en mujeres embarazadas de 24-28semanas de gestación a las que se les realizó el Test de Tolerancia Oral a la Glucosa (TTOG). La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se evaluó con la Escala de Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale [MEDAS]). Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas cara a cara, se midió el peso y la talla de las embarazadas y se diagnosticó la DMG con el TTOG.ResultadosUn total de 207 embarazadas participaron en el estudio, y 85 de ellas (41,1%) fueron diagnosticadas de DMG. Según los modelos de regresión logística, la edad (OR: 1,088; IC95%: 1,031-1,149) y el tratamiento de la infertilidad (OR: 4,570; IC95%: 1,443-14,474) aumentaron significativamente la aparición de DMG, mientras que la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (OR: 0,683; IC95%: 0,568-0,820) redujo significativamente el riesgo.ConclusionesCasi dos quintas partes de las embarazadas fueron diagnosticadas de DMG, mientras que solo una cuarta parte cumplían con la dieta mediterránea. Debe vigilarse atentamente el aumento de la frecuencia de la DMG. Puede ser útil detectar a las embarazadas de riesgo en el momento del primer diagnóstico, medir sus niveles de glucosa y dar sugerencias sobre la dieta mediterránea en el periodo inicial. (AU)

Diferencias en la evolución del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en España en el periodo 2011-2019 por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico: resultados del estudio ALADINO / Differences in the temporal trends of childhood overweight and obesity in Spain in the 2011-2019 period by sex, age and socioeconomic level: Results of the ALADINO study

Introducción: El exceso de peso infantil es un problema de salud pública creciente. El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar la evolución de la prevalencia de sobrepeso, de obesidad y de obesidad central en escolares de 6 a 9años en España entre 2011 y 2019 según características demográficas y socioeconómicas.MetodologíaSe incluyeron las rondas 2011, 2015 y 2019 del estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal ALADINO en escolares de ambos sexos de 6 a 9años. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la evolución de la prevalencia de sobrepeso y de obesidad según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), así como obesidad central, y las variables demográficas y socioeconómicas asociadas.ResultadosEntre 2011 y 2019 se redujo la prevalencia de sobrepeso (criterios OMS) en niños de 6, 7 y 8años (−5,4, −5,7 y −5,3 puntos porcentuales, respectivamente) y niños cuyos progenitores tenían estudios superiores (−5,3 puntos porcentuales). Por renta, el sobrepeso en niños se redujo en todos los niveles de ingresos. Sin embargo, entre 2011 y 2019 se mantuvieron estables tanto la prevalencia de sobrepeso en niñas como la prevalencia de obesidad según las referencias OMS e IOTF y la de obesidad central en ambos sexos.ConclusionesLas prevalencias de sobrepeso y de obesidad en escolares de 6 a 9años en España siguen siendo altas. Entre 2011 y 2019 disminuyó la prevalencia de sobrepeso en niños de 6 a 8años y aquellos cuyos progenitores tienen estudios universitarios, mientras que la obesidad en niños, el sobrepeso y la obesidad en niñas, y la obesidad central en ambos sexos han permanecido estables. (AU)

Introduction: Childhood excess weight is a growing public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in schoolchildren aged 6 to 9years in Spain between 2011 and 2019 based on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.MethodologyThe analysis included data from the 2011, 2015 and 2019 rounds of the cross-sectional observational and descriptive ALADINO study in schoolchildren of both sexes aged 6 to 9years. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity (defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization [WHO] and the International Obesity Task Force [IOTF]) and of central obesity, in addition to associated demographic and socioeconomic variables.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of overweight (WHO criteria) decreased in boys aged 6, 7 and 8years (by −5.4%, −5.7% and −5.3%, respectively) and boys whose parents had a higher educational attainment (by −5.3%). In relation to the socioeconomic level, overweight in boys declined at all income levels. However, between 2011 and 2019, both the prevalence of overweight in girls and the prevalence of obesity (applying the WHO and IOTF criteria) and the prevalence of central obesity in both sexes remained stable.ConclusionsThe prevalence of overweight and the prevalence of obesity in schoolchildren aged 6 to 9years in Spain remain high. Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of overweight in children aged 6 to 8years and in children whose parents had university degrees decreased, whereas obesity in boys, overweight and obesity in girls and central obesity in both sexes remained stable. (AU)

Asociación entre niveles de ansiedad y depresión en adultos con obesidad / Associação entre níveis de ansiedade e depressão em adultos com obesidade / Association between anxiety levels and depression in adults with obesity

Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en participantes de un Programa Multidisciplinario para el Tratamiento de la Obesidad, con variables antropométricas; composición corporal; parámetros bioquímicos y hemodinámicos; y aptitud física relacionada con la salud. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, transversal, realizado con adultos participantes del Programa Multidisciplinario de Tratamiento de la Obesidad en un municipio del Noroeste de Paraná. Para la recolección de datos se aplicaron medidas antropométricas en julio de 2021; composición corporal; parámetros bioquímicos y hemodinámicos; pruebas de aptitud física relacionadas con la salud; y escala para evaluar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 116 individuos, 87,94% mujeres, 12,06% hombres, con una edad media de 40 años. Hubo una correlación positiva considerable entre la hemoglobina y el hematocrito; colesterol total y LDL; glucosa y HbA1C1; peso e IMC; peso y perímetro abdominal; peso y circunferencia de la cintura; IMC y perímetro abdominal; IMC y perímetro de cintura; así como ansiedad y depresión. Conclusión: Los niveles de ansiedad y depresión de los participantes de Programa Multidisciplinario para el Tratamiento de la Obesidad no se correlacionaron significativamente con las variables de medición antropométricas; composición corporal; parámetros bioquímicos y hemodinámicos; y pruebas de evaluación de la aptitud física relacionadas con la salud. (AU)

Objetivo: Verificar associação entre níveis de ansiedade e depressão de participantes de um Programa Multiprofissional de Tratamento da Obesidade, com variáveis antropométricas; composição corporal; parâmetros bioquímicos e hemodinâmicos; e aptidão física relacionada à saúde. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com adultos que participaram do programa em município do Noroeste do Paraná. Para a coleta de dados, aplicou-se em julho de 2021, avaliações de medidas antropométricas; composição corporal; parâmetros bioquímicos e hemodinâmicos; testes de aptidão física relacionada à saúde; e escala para avaliar os níveis de ansiedade e depressão. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 116 indivíduos, sendo 87,94% do sexo feminino, 12,06% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 40 anos. Houve correlação positiva entre hemoglobinas e hematócritos; colesterol total e LDL; glicose e HbA1C1; peso, IMC e circunferências abdominal e de cintura; além de ansiedade e depressão. Conclusão: Os níveis de ansiedade e depressão não apresentaram correlação significativa com as variáveis estudadas. (AU)

Objective: To verify the association between levels of anxiety and depression of participants in a Multidisciplinary Program for the Treatment of Obesity, with anthropometric variables; body composition; biochemical and hemodynamic parameters; and health-related physical fitness. Method: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional study carried out with adults who participated in the Multidisciplinary Program for the Treatment of Obesity in a municipality in the Northwest of Paraná. For data collection, anthropometric measurements were applied in July 2021; body composition; biochemical and hemodynamic parameters; health-related physical fitness tests; and scale to assess levels of anxiety and depression. Results: 116 individuals participated in the study, 87.94% female, 12.06% male, with a mean age of 40 years. There was a considerable positive correlation between hemoglobin and hematocrit; total and LDL cholesterol; glucose and HbA1C1; weight and BMI; weight and abdominal circumference; weight and waist circumference; BMI and abdominal circumference; BMI and waist circumference; as well as anxiety and depression. Conclusion:The levels of anxiety and depression of the participants of the Multidisciplinary Program for the Treatment of Obesity did not present a significant correlation with the variables of anthropometric measurements; body composition; biochemical and hemodynamic parameters; and health-related physical fitness assessment tests. (AU)

Creencias sobre prácticas de alimentación y obesidad de madres con hijos menores de 5 años del noroeste de México / Crenças sobre práticas de alimentação e obesidade entre mães com filhos menores de 5 anos de idade no noroeste do México / Beliefs about feeding practices and obesity among mothers with children under 5 years of age in northwestern Mexico

Introducción: Existe una tendencia mundial de incrementoen los índices de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños menoresde 5 años. Las creencias, percepciones y actitudes de lasmadres hacia las prácticas de alimentación y la obesidadtienen implicaciones directas sobre la salud del hijo.Objetivo: Explorar creencias sobre prácticas de alimentacióny obesidad infantil entre madres con hijos menores de cincoaños del noroeste de México.Metodología: Estudio cualitativo de aproximación etnográfica.Mediante un muestreo propositivo se realizaron nueve entrevistassemiestructuradas a mujeres que contaban con un promediode 12 años de educación.Resultados: Las creencias incluyeron inseguridad para asumirel rol de madre, una baja percepción de apoyo familiar ycreencias que no se alineaban con las recomendaciones dela lactancia materna exclusiva e introducción de alimentoscomplementarios. Además, estas tenían la creencia de que laobesidad no es un problema debido a la corta edad de sus hijos.Conclusiones: Existe una ambivalencia entre las creencias delas participantes y sus prácticas con relación a la alimentacióny la obesidad infantil. Es imperativo desarrollar estrategiasde educación y comunicación que proporcionen informaciónbasada en evidencia, de fácil acceso y disponible para madrescon la intención de prevenir problemas de nutrición durantela primera infancia.(AU)

Introduction: There is a worldwide trend of increasingrates of overweight and obesity in children under5 years of age. Mothers' beliefs, perceptions, andattitudes towards feeding practices and obesity havedirect implications on their children's health.Aim: To explore beliefs about feeding practices andchildhood obesity among mothers with children underfive years of age in northwestern Mexico.Methodology: Qualitative study with ethnographicapproach. Using purposive sampling, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with womenwith an average of 12 years of education.Results: Beliefs included insecurity in assuming therole of mother, a low perception of family support, andbeliefs that were not aligned with the recommendations ofexclusive breastfeeding and introduction of complementary foods. In addition, these held the belief that obesity isnot a problem due to the young age of their children.Conclusions: There is ambivalence between theparticipants' beliefs and their practices regarding feedingand childhood obesity. It is imperative to developeducation and communication strategies that provideevidence-based information that is easily accessibleand available to mothers to prevent nutrition problemsduring early childhood.(AU)

Introdução: Há uma tendência mundial de aumentodas taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças commenos de 5 anos de idade. As crenças, percepções eatitudes das mães com relação às práticas alimentares eà obesidade têm implicações diretas na saúde infantil.Objetivo: explorar as crenças sobre práticas de alimentaçãoe obesidade infantil entre mães de crianças com menosde cinco anos de idade no noroeste do México.Metodologia: estudo qualitativo com uma abordagemetnográfica. Usando amostragem intencional, foramrealizadas nove entrevistas semiestruturadas commulheres com uma média de 12 anos de escolaridade.Resultados: As crenças incluíam insegurança em assumiro papel de mãe, baixa percepção de apoio familiar ecrenças que não se alinhavam com as recomendaçõesde amamentação exclusiva e introdução de alimentoscomplementares. Além disso, elas acreditavam quea obesidade não era um problema devido à poucaidade de seus filhos.Conclusões: Há uma ambivalência entre as crenças epráticas dos participantes com relação à alimentaçãoe à obesidade infantil. É imperativo desenvolverestratégias de educação e comunicação que forneçaminformações baseadas em evidências, facilmenteacessíveis e disponíveis para as mães, a fim de evitarproblemas de nutrição na primeira infância.(AU)

Impacto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en el índice de masa corporal de niños asistidos en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the body mass index of children seen in the City of Buenos Aires

Introducción. El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil constituyen un problema de salud pública. El inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 pudo haber favorecido esta patología. El puntaje Z del índice de masa corporal (Z-IMC) es un indicador aceptado para su diagnóstico y seguimiento. Objetivo. Evaluar si la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y el Z-IMC en niños de 2 a 5 años aumentó durante la pandemia. Población y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes asistidos en efectores públicos de salud del Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (GCABA), de 2 a 5 años de edad, con registro de peso y talla en dos consultas, antes y después de haber comenzado el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO). Se registró estado nutricional (Z-IMC) y variación del Z-IMC entre ambas consultas. Resultados. Se evaluaron 3866 sujetos, edad promedio 3,4 ± 0,8 años; el 48,1 % fueron mujeres. El intervalo promedio entre consultas fue 14,3 ± 2,5 meses. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad aumentó del 12,6 % (IC95% 11,6-13,6) al 20,9 % (IC95% 19,6-22-2); p <0,001, al igual que el Z-IMC (0,4 ± 1,1 vs. 0,8 ± 1,3; p <0,001). Conclusión. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y el Z-IMC en niños de 2 a 5 años aumentó significativamente durante la pandemia.

Introduction. Childhood overweight and obesity are a public health problem. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to this condition. The body mass index (BMI) Z-score has been accepted as an indicator for overweight and obesity diagnosis and follow-up. Objective. To assess whether the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the BMI Z-score in children aged 2 to 5 years increased during the pandemic. Population and methods. Retrospective, cohort study. Patients included were those seen at public health care facilities in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA), who were aged 2 to 5 years, had weight and height values recorded at 2 different visits, before and after the establishment of the preventive and mandatory social isolation policy. Patients' nutritional status (BMI Z-score) and the variation in this indicator between both visits were recorded. Results. A total of 3866 subjects were assessed; their average age was 3.4 ± 0.8 years; 48.1% were girls. The average interval between both visits was 14.3 ± 2.5 months. The prevalence of overweight/ obesity increased from 12.6% (95% CI: 11.6­13.6) to 20.9% (95% CI: 19.6­22.2), p < 0.001, and so did the BMI Z-score (0.4 ± 1.1 versus 0.8 ± 1.3, p < 0.001). Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity and the BMI Z-score in children aged 2 to 5 years increased significantly during the pandemic.

Effect of semaglutide on weight loss and glycaemic control in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is the most common genetic cause of obesity, occurring in approximately 1 in 15,000 newborns. It results from the lack of expression of genes on the paternal allele of the chromosomal region 15q-11q13 (65-75% due to type 1 or type 2 deletion). Individuals with PWS experience associated symptoms such as hypotonia, hyperphagia, and early-onset obesity (before 5 years of age). Around 20% of adults with PWS also develop type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of GLP1-RA medications, such as exenatide and liraglutide, in treating type 2 diabetes in PWS. However, there is limited information available on the use of semaglutide in PWS. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of semaglutide on weight loss and glycaemic control in four patients with PWS and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. The patients were started on weekly subcutaneous progressive doses of semaglutide.

Risk factors associated with glomerular filtration rate in Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) impairment, which is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors related to GFR in Mexican adults with T2DM, using a validated multiple linear regression model (MLRM), with emphasis in body adiposity, glycemic control, duration of the diabetes and other relevant risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytical, and observational study was carried out in 252 adults with a previous diagnosis of T2DM. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were determined and a fasting blood sample was collected for glucose, creatinine and HbA1c determinations. GFR was calculated with the Cockcroft-Gault equation adjusted for body surface area. Four MLRM were performed to determine the factors related to the GFR; it was evaluated whether these models complied with the statistical assumptions of the linear regression model. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 60 ±â€¯12 years, 62.3% of them were women. GFR correlated with BMI and WC; age and duration of the diabetes were associated inversely. Model 4 of the MLRM reported a coefficient of determination of 53.5% where the variables BMI (ß = 1.31), male sex (ß = -6.01), duration of T2DM (ß = -0.57), arterial hypertension (ß = -6.53) and age (ß = -1.45) were simultaneously and significantly related to the GFR. CONCLUSIONS: Older age, male sex, longer duration of T2DM and the presence of arterial hypertension were associated with a decrease in the GFR; BMI and WC were directly associated. No effect of glucose and HbA1c on GFR was observed.

Association of obesity on the outcome of critically ill patients affected by COVID-19 / Asociación de la obesidad en la evolución de los pacientes críticos afectados por COVID-19

Objective To evaluate the impact of obesity on ICU mortality. Design Observational, retrospective, multicentre study. Setting Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Patients Adults patients admitted with COVID-19 and respiratory failure. Interventions None. Primary variables of interest Collected data included demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory tests and ICU outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) impact on ICU mortality was studied as (1) a continuous variable, (2) a categorical variable obesity/non-obesity, and (3) as categories defined a priori: underweight, normal, overweight, obesity and Class III obesity. The impact of obesity on mortality was assessed by multiple logistic regression and Smooth Restricted cubic (SRC) splines for Cox hazard regression. Results 5,206 patients were included, 20 patients (0.4%) as underweight, 887(17.0%) as normal, 2390(46%) as overweight, 1672(32.1) as obese and 237(4.5%) as class III obesity. The obesity group patients (n = 1909) were younger (61 vs. 65 years, p < 0.001) and with lower severity scores APACHE II (13 [9–17] vs. 13[10−17, p < 0.01) than non-obese. Overall ICU mortality was 28.5% and not different for obese (28.9%) or non-obese (28.3%, p = 0.65). Only Class III obesity (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.44–3.34) was associated with ICU mortality in the multivariate and SRC analysis. Conclusions COVID-19 patients with a BMI > 40 are at high risk of poor outcomes in the ICU. An effective vaccination schedule and prolonged social distancing should be recommended. (AU)

Objetivo Evaluar el impacto de la obesidad en la mortalidad de la UCI. Diseño Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y multicéntrico. Ámbito Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Pacientes Pacientes adultos con COVID-19 e insuficiencia respiratoria. Intervenciones Ninguna. Variables de interés principales Características demográficas y clínicas, comorbilidades, pruebas de laboratorio y evolución en la UCI. El impacto del índice de masa corporal (IMC) sobre la mortalidad se estudió como (1) una variable continua, (2) una variable categórica obesidad/no obesidad, y (3) como categorías definidas a priori: bajo peso, normal, sobrepeso, obesidad y obesidad clase III. El impacto de la obesidad se evaluó mediante regresión logística múltiple y splines cúbicos suaves restringidos (SRC) para la regresión de riesgos de Cox. Resultados Se incluyeron 5.206 pacientes, 20 (0,4%) con bajo peso, 887 (17,0%) con peso normal, 2.390 (46%) con sobrepeso, 1.672 (32,1%) con obesidad y 237 (4,5%) con obesidad clase III. Los pacientes obesos (n = 1909) eran más jóvenes (61 vs. 65 años, p < 0,001) y con un nivel más bajo de APACHE II (13 [9–17] frente a 13[10−17, p < 0,01) que los no obesos. La mortalidad global en la UCI fue del 28,5% y no fue diferente entre obesos (28,9%) y no obesos (28,3%,p = 0,65). Sólo la obesidad clase III (OR = 2,19; IC del 95%: 1,44−3,34) se asoció con la mortalidad en la UCI en el análisis multivariante y SRC. Conclusiones Los pacientes con COVID-19 con un IMC > 40 tienen un alto riesgo de mala evolución en la UCI. Debe recomendarse un calendario de vacunación eficaz y un distanciamiento social prolongado. (AU)

Evaluación del impacto de la obesidad en los resultados del trasplante renal / Does obesity really affect renal transplantation outcomes?

Introducción El trasplante renal es el tratamiento de elección para pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) estadio 5. Alrededor de 60% de los pacientes con ERC presentan sobrepeso u obesidad en el momento del trasplante de riñón, y la obesidad postrasplante se da en 50% de los pacientes, con un aumento de peso de 10% en el primer año y un alto riesgo de mortalidad cardiovascular. La obesidad se asocia a un mayor riesgo de retraso de la función del injerto (RFI), rechazo agudo, complicaciones quirúrgicas, pérdida del injerto y mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la evolución clínica de los pacientes obesos y con sobrepeso receptores de un trasplante renal, en términos de las complicaciones a corto y largo plazo asociadas a un mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC). Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal con 104 pacientes sometidos a trasplante de riñón o páncreas-riñón entre marzo de 2017 y diciembre de 2020, con seguimiento hasta abril de 2021. Para el análisis comparativo, los pacientes se agruparon según el IMC. Resultados La edad media fue de 56,65 años, 60,6% varones y 39,4% mujeres. Los pacientes con sobrepeso experimentaron cirugías más prolongadas, más dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica, RFI, hernias, proteinuria y un requerimiento mayor de biopsias renales. Por otro lado, los pacientes obesos presentaron más RFI, mayor número de biopsias renales requeridas, proteinuria, desarrollo de diabetes mellitus y fibrilación auricular, y necesitaron estancias hospitalarias más prolongadas. Conclusiones A pesar de la alta prevalencia de comorbilidad en la población con sobrepeso y/u obesidad, no se observó un empeoramiento en la supervivencia del paciente y/o del injerto. Sin embargo, es necesario un seguimiento más prolongado. (AU)

Introduction Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). About 60% of CKD patients are overweight or obese at the time of kidney transplantation, and post-transplant obesity occurs in 50% of patients, with a weight gain of 10% in the first year and high risk of cardiovascular mortality. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection, surgical complications, graft loss and mortality. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical evolution of obese and overweight patients that have received a kidney transplant, based on short- and long-term complications associated with a higher BMI. Material and methods A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 104 kidney or pancreas-kidney transplant patients between March 2017 and December 2020, with a follow-up until April 2021. For comparative analysis, patients were grouped according to BMI. Results Mean age was of 56.65 years, 60.6% male and 39.4% female. Overweight patients experienced prolonged surgeries, more surgical wound dehiscence, delayed graft function, hernias, proteinuria and more indications for renal biopsies. Additionally, obese patients displayed more DGF, indications for renal biopsies, proteinuria, development of diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation and needed prolonged hospital stays. Conclusions Despite a high prevalence of comorbidity in the overweight and/or obese population, we found no reduction in patient and/or graft survival. However, longer follow-up is needed. (AU)

Estudio transversal comparativo sobre alimentación emocional en tres poblaciones universitarias de la Península Ibérica / Emotional eating in university students: a cross-sectional and comparative study in the Iberian Peninsula

Fundamentos: aunque la falta de avances en la reducción de la obesidad supone un problema mundial, cada lugar presenta diferentes factores contribuyentes. Uno de los que contribuyen actualmente al aumento de la prevalencia de la obesidad es la ali-mentación emocional. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir y comparar el nivel de alimentación emocional y analizar qué variables y en qué medida afectaban al resto de las variables.métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en alumnado de tres universidades de la península ibérica (n=1.654) entre octubre de 2019 y junio de 2020. Los datos se recogieron a través de un cuestionario online de autoinforme en el cual se incluyeron datos sociodemográficos y antropométricos, así como cuestionarios validados como el cuestionario de comedores emocionales, el shortform-36 y el cuestionario hospitalario de ansiedad y depresión. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio estratificado por grupos de facultad, titulación y clase. Para los resultados descriptivos, se calcularon las medias, la desviación estándar y las frecuencias relativas de las variables. Para comparar las medias se utilizaron la prueba t de student, chi-cuadrado y anova. Se realizaron regresiones lineales simples y múltiples para ambas muestras.resultados: la puntuación media en alimentación emocional fue de 8,77±5,66 para el alumnado de españa y de 10,02±6,19 para el de portugal, con una diferencia de 3,62 (<0,001). En españa, la variable dependiente que más afectó a la alimentación emocional fue la calidad de vida (13,8% de varianza [<0,001]), mientras que en portugal fue la ansiedad (10,1% de varianza [<0,001]).conclusiones: se encuentran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el nivel de alimentación emocional entre poblacio-nes. Además, existe disimilitud en las variables que influyen en el principal en ambos países. Estos hallazgos implican que deben ser considerados en el diseño de futuras investigaciones o intervenciones sanitarias.(AU)

Background: although the lack of progress in reducing obesity is a global problem, different places have different contributing factors. One of the factors currently contributing to the increasing prevalence of obesity is emotional eating. The aim of this paper was to describe and compare the level of emotional eating and to analyse which variables and to what extent they affected the other variables.methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in students from 3 universities of the iberian peninsula (n=1,654) between october 2019 and june 2020. Data were collected through an online self-report questionnaire which included sociodemographic and anthropometric data and validated questionnaires such as: the emotional eaters questionnaire, the shortform-36 and the hospital anxiety and depression questionnaire. Stratified random sampling was performed by faculty, degree, and class groups. For descriptive results, means, standard deviation and relative frequencies of variables were calculated. Student’s t-test, chi-square and anova were used to compare means. Simple and multiple linear regressions were performed for both samples.results: the mean emotional eating score was 8.77±5.66 for spanish students and 10.02±6.19 for portuguese students, with a difference of 3.62 (<0.001). In spain, the dependent variable that most affected emotional eating was quality of life (13.8% variance [<0.001]), while in portugal it was anxiety (10.1% variance [<0.001]).conclusions: statistically significant differences are found in the level of emotional eating between populations. In addition, there is dissimilarity in the variables influencing the principal in both countries. These findings imply that they should be considered in the design of future research or health interventions.(AU)

Gut microbiota composition in pediatric populations with obesity: a systematic review / Composición de la microbiota intestinal en población pediátrica con obesidad: una revisión sistemática

The increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescent’s wide is a public health problem, resulting from the interaction of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Obesity can lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This systematic review aims to gather scientific information available on the composition of gut microbiota in children/ adolescents with overweight/obesity. Research studies were identified through a scientific database (PubMed). The key words used were “Obese” OR “Overweight” AND “adolescent” OR “children” AND “microbiota”. Observational and intervention studies in children/adolescents having either overweight or obesity were included in this review, belonging to the last ten years – from December 2012 to October 2022. The initial search resulted in 409 references, 379 of them were excluded because the participants had major pathologies other than obesity or overweight. From the remaining articles, others were excluded due to not providing information on the number of participants, or not including data on microbiota composition. A total of 16 articles were selected: 12 observational studies and 4 intervention studies. Among the observational studies that compared overweight/obesity vs. normal weight or metabolically unhealthy obese vs. metabolically healthy obese children/adolescents, at least two studies found higher levels of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidales, Adlercreutzia, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium. Moreover, lower abundances of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia were observed. Regarding intervention studies consisting of supplementation of oligofructose- enriched inulin and a weight reduction program, higher proportions of Actinobacteria were observed after the intervention. Clostridia was also found in higher abundances after interventions that used a combined strength and endurance training program and a weight reduction program. The findings suggest that obesity decreased microbiota diversity and increases species associated with inflammation. The results are consistent with previous studies in adults. This information will be useful for designing dietary interventions to prevent or reverse dysbiosis in individuals with obesity.(AU)

La creciente prevalencia de obesidad en niños y adolescentes es un problema de salud pública, resultado de la interacción de factores genéticos, ambientales y de estilo de vida. La obesidad puede provocar una disbiosis de la microbiota intestinal. Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo recopilar información científica disponible sobre la composición de la microbiota intestinal en niños/adolescentes con sobrepeso/obesidad. Los estudios de investigación se identificaron a través de una base de datos científica (PubMed). Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron “obeso” O “Sobrepeso” Y “adolescente” O “niños” Y “microbiota”. En esta revisión se incluyeron estudios observacionales y de intervención en niños/adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad, pertenecientes a los últimos diez años, de diciembre de 2012 a octubre de 2022. La búsqueda inicial resultó en 409 referencias, de las cuales 379 fueron excluidas porque los participantes tenían patologías mayores además de la obesidad o el sobrepeso. De los artículos restantes, se excluyeron otros por no proporcionar información sobre el número de participantes o por no incluir datos sobre la composición de la microbiota. Se seleccionaron un total de 16 artículos: 12 estudios observacionales y 4 estudios de intervención. Entre los estudios observacionales que compararon el sobrepeso/obesidad frente al peso normal o los niños y adolescentes obesos metabólicamente no saludables frente a los obesos metabólicamente sanos, al menos dos estudios encontraron niveles más altos de Firmicutes, Proteobacterias, Bacteroidales, Adlercreutzia, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli y Clostridium. Además, se observaron menores abundancias de Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroides y Akkermansia. En cuanto a los estudios de intervención consistentes en suplementación con inulina enriquecida con oligofructosa y un programa de reducción de peso, se observaron mayores proporciones de Actinobacteria después de la intervención. Los clostridios también se encontraron en mayor abundancia después de las intervenciones que utilizaron un programa combinado de entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia y un programa de reducción de peso. Los hallazgos sugieren que la obesidad disminuye la diversidad de la microbiota y aumenta las especies asociadas con la inflamación. Los resultados son consistentes con estudios previos en adultos. Esta información será útil para diseñar intervenciones dietéticas que prevengan o reviertan la disbiosis en individuos con obesidad.(AU)

Síndrome de pseudotumor cerebri en la población pediátrica: características clínicas, tratamiento y pronóstico / Pseudotumor cerebri in the paediatric population: clinical features, treatment and prognosis

Introducción El síndrome de pseudotumor cerebri (SPTC) en pacientes prepuberales presenta características que lo diferencian respecto a su presentación en la etapa pospuberal. Nuestro objetivo es describir las características de los pacientes diagnosticados de SPTC pediátrico en nuestro centro y compararlas en función de su estado puberal. Pacientes y métodos Se incluyeron a los pacientes diagnosticados de SPTC en un hospital de tercer nivel entre los años 2006 y 2019 con edades comprendidas entre uno y 18 años que cumplieran los criterios diagnósticos actualizados del SPTC. Se clasificaron en función de su estado puberal y peso corporal. Posteriormente, se analizaron los datos de las punciones lumbares, estudios de neuroimagen, valoraciones oftalmológicas, así como el régimen terapéutico recibido a lo largo de su seguimiento. Resultados Se recogieron 28 pacientes, 22 prepuberales y seis pospuberales, con edad media de 9,04 ± 2,86 años. El 83,3% de los pacientes pospuberales eran varones presentando sobrepeso/obesidad en el 66,7%. Eran varones el 27% de los pacientes prepuberales, de ellos asociaban sobrepeso el 31,8%. La sintomatología más frecuente fue cefalea (89,9%) y visión borrosa (42,9%). Todos los pacientes presentaron papiledema; un 21,4% de los casos presentaron parálisis del VI par. Se identificó un posible desencadenante en un 28,6%. El 19% presentaron recurrencia clínica, siendo todos ellos prepuberales. La resolución clínica completa se produjo en el 55,6% de los pacientes. Conclusión Pacientes con SPTC presentan menor prevalencia de obesidad en la etapa prepuberal, junto con un mayor porcentaje de etiologías secundarias y tasa de recurrencia que los pacientes pospuberales. (AU)

Introduction Pseudotumor cerebri (PC) in prepubertal patients displays certain characteristics that differentiate it from its presentation at the postpubertal stage. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of paediatric patients diagnosed with PC at our centre and to compare them according to their pubertal status. Patients and methods We included patients aged between 1 and 18 years who were diagnosed with PC in a tertiary-level hospital between 2006 and 2019 and who met the updated diagnostic criteria for PC. They were classified according to body weight and pubertal status. Subsequently, we analysed results from lumbar punctures, neuroimaging studies, ophthalmological assessments, and treatments received during follow-up. Results We included 28 patients, of whom 22 were of prepubertal age and 6 were of postpubertal age. The mean age (standard deviation) was 9.04 (2.86) years. Among the postpubertal patients, 83.3% were boys, 66.7% of whom presented overweight/obesity. In the group of prepubertal patients, 27% were boys, 31.8% of whom were overweight. The most frequent symptoms were headache (89.9%) and blurred vision (42.9%). All patients presented papilloedema, and 21.4% manifested sixth nerve palsy. Possible triggers were identified in 28.6% of cases. Nineteen percent of patients presented clinical recurrence, all of whom were prepubertal patients. Complete clinical resolution was achieved in 55.6% of patients. Conclusion Prepubertal patients with PC show lower prevalence of obesity, higher prevalence of secondary aetiologies, and higher recurrence rates than postpubertal patients. (AU)

Prevalence of obesity in Spain and its autonomous communities, 1987-2020.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a public health concern with a strong impact on the health of the population. The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in the prevalence of obesity and to identify changes in this trend in Spain and its 17 autonomous communities (AC) among the population aged ≥ 15 years from 1987 to 2020. METHODS: A trend analysis of the prevalence of obesity was conducted with data extracted from the complete historical series of the Spanish National Health Survey and the European Health Survey in Spain using joinpoint regression models. For each period identified in the trend analysis, we estimated the annual percentage change (APC) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The results are presented for crude and standardized prevalences by the direct method accompanied by 95%CI, sex ratios, and relative changes in prevalences between periods. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity increased from 7.3% (95%CI, 7.0-7.7) in 1987 to 15.7% (95%CI, 15.1-16.3) in 2020. In men, the prevalence increased until 2009 (APC,4.3; [95%CI, 3.8-5.0]) and then stabilized. In women, the prevalence increased until 2001 (APC,4.2; [95%CI, 2.7-8.8]) and subsequently also stabilized. The prevalence of obesity and its trend varied between AC, with three different patterns being observed with standardized prevalences: AC with a continuous increase, AC with an increase and subsequent stabilization, and AC with an increase and subsequent decrease. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity has increased in Spain since 1987, although in the last decade it has remained stable at values above 15%. However, in the group aged 15 to 24 years, the prevalence of obesity showed an increasing trend throughout the study period.

Differences in the temporal trends of childhood overweight and obesity in Spain in the 2011-2019 period by sex, age and socioeconomic level: results of the ALADINO study.

INTRODUCTION: Childhood excess weight is a growing public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in schoolchildren aged 6-9 years in Spain between 2011 and 2019 based on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. METHODOLOGY: The analysis included data from the 2011, 2015 and 2019 rounds of the cross-sectional observational and descriptive ALADINO study in schoolchildren of both sexes aged 6-9 years. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity (defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization and the International Obesity Task Force) and of central obesity, in addition to associated demographic and socioeconomic variables. RESULTS: Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of overweight (WHO criteria) decreased in boys aged 6, 7 and 8 years (by -5.4%, -5.7% and -5.3%, respectively) and boys whose parents had a higher educational attainment (by -5.3%). In relation to the socioeconomic level, overweight in boys declined at all income levels. However, between 2011 and 2019, both the prevalence of overweight in girls and the prevalence of obesity (applying the WHO and IOTF criteria) and the prevalence of central obesity in both sexes remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of overweight and the prevalence of obesity in schoolchildren aged 6-9 years in Spain remain high. Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of overweight in children aged 6-8 years and in children whose parents had university degrees decreased, whereas obesity in boys, overweight and obesity in girls and central obesity in both sexes remained stable.

Comparison of perioperative outcomes in obese and non-obese patients subjected to open lumbar spine surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a global epidemic affecting developing countries. The relationship between obesity and perioperative outcomes during elective lumbar spine surgery remains controversial, especially in those without morbid disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively revised the medical records of patients with lumbar spine degeneration subjected to elective surgery. The data retrieved included demographic and clinical characteristics, body mass index (BMI), obesity status (BMI ≥ 30), surgical interventions, estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, length of stay (LOS), and post-operative complications. Perioperative outcomes were compared between Grade I-II obese and non-obese individuals. RESULTS: We enrolled 53 patients, 18 with Grade I-II obesity. Their median age was 51, with no differences in gender, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and surgical procedures received between groups. No clinically relevant differences were found between grade I-II obese and non-obese participants in EBL (300 mL vs. 250 mL, p = 0.069), operative time (3.2 h vs. 3.0 h, p = 0.037), and LOS (6 days vs. 5 days, p = 0.3). Furthermore, BMI was not associated with the incidence of significant bleeding and long stay but showed a modest correlation with operative time. CONCLUSION: Grade I-II obesity does not increase surgical complexity nor perioperative complications during open lumbar spine surgery.

OBJETIVO: La obesidad es una epidemia mundial que afecta a países subdesarrollados. Su relación con los resultados de la cirugía de columna lumbar electiva sigue siendo controvertida, especialmente en obesos sin enfermedad mórbida. MÉTODOS: Se revisaron los expedientes de pacientes con degeneración de la columna lumbar sometidos a cirugía. Los datos recuperados incluyeron características demográficas y clínicas, índice de masa corporal (IMC), estado de obesidad (IMC > 30), intervenciones quirúrgicas, sangrado estimado, tiempo operatorio, tiempo de estancia y complicaciones. Los resultados se compararon entre individuos obesos grado I-II y controles. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 53 pacientes, 18 con obesidad de grado I-II. La edad media fue de 51 años, sin diferencias en el sexo, las comorbilidades, los parámetros de laboratorio y los procedimientos quirúrgicos recibidos entre grupos. No se encontraron diferencias relevantes entre los participantes obesos y los no obesos en sangrado (300 vs. 250 mL, p = 0.069), tiempo operatorio (3.2 vs. 3.0 horas, p = 0.037) y estancia (6 vs. 5 días, p = 0.3). El IMC no se asoció con hemorragia y larga estancia, pero mostró una correlación modesta con el tiempo operatorio. CONCLUSIONES: La obesidad grado I-II no predispone a complicaciones durante la cirugía de columna lumbar.

Comparison of abdominal adipose tissue versus Body Mass Index (BMI) as a predictor of complications and survival in liver transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Because of the obesity epidemic, more obese patients are on liver transplant (LT) waiting lists. The diseases associated with obesity may increase complications and limit survival after LT. However, there is no established measure or cut-off point to determine this impact and aid decision making. The aim of the present study is to evaluate obesity in patients undergoing LT via BMI and CT-based measurement of adipose tissue (AAT). These parameters will be used to predict the risk of postoperative complications and 5-year survival. METHODS: A retrospective, single-center study was carried out at a tertiary Spanish hospital, including all patients who received LT between January 2012 and July 2019 (n = 164). The patients were adults who underwent LT using the 'piggyback' technique, preserving the recipient vena cava. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and BMI were calculated to examine correlations with postoperative complications and 5-year survival. RESULTS: No significant association was found between postoperative complications by Comprehensive Complication Index, BMI, AAT/height, subcutaneous fat/height and VAT/height. Kaplan-Meier curves for 5-year survival compared LT recipients with BMI < 30.45 vs ≥30.45, with an estimated survival of 58.97 months versus 43.11 months, respectively (P < .001) (Fig. 3) and for LT recipients with an AAT/height <27.35 mm versus ≥27.35 mm, with an estimated survival of 57.69 months versus 46.34 months (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study does not show a higher rate of postoperative complications in obese patients. There is a significantly lower long-term survival in patients with AAT/height ≥27.35 mm and BMI ≥ 30.45. BMI is a valid estimate of obesity and is predictive of survival.

Efecto de un programa de autocuidado en hábitos de vida saludable con relación a la obesidad en personal de salud de una institución de tercer nivel / Efeito de um programa de autocuidado nos hábitos de vida saudáveis em relação à obesidade em profissionais de saúde de uma instituição terciária / Effect of a self-care program on healthy lifestyle habits in relation to obesity in health personnel of a tertiary institution

Introducción. A nivel mundial, la obesidad es considerada como un problema de salud pública debido a que afecta a la población de todas las edades, incluso al mismo personal que trabaja en instituciones de salud, situación que repercute en su ámbito personal, familiar, pero sobre todo laboral, causando en el trabajador dificultad para realizar algunos procedimientos, ausentismo laboral, discapacidad parcial o total y/o necesidad de cuidado, entre otros.  Objetivo.  Evaluar el efecto de una intervención de autocuidado en hábitos de vida saludable con relación a la obesidad en personal de salud de una institución de tercer nivel.  Metodología. Estudio cuasi experimental, muestra 30 trabajadores con sobrepeso o algún grado de obesidad de una institución de salud de tercer nivel. Se impartieron 10 temas con relación a la obesidad, para cambiar hábitos deficientes por hábitos saludables, además de 10 sesiones de actividad física.    Resultados. Al final de la intervención, dos personas bajaron el nivel de su índice de masa corporal, una persona con obesidad grado III y una de grado II bajaron a peso normal. En cuanto a las medidas antropométricas posterior a la intervención, hubo reducción en cada uno de los parámetros, referente a la evaluación del cuestionario hábitos de vida saludable, relacionados con la obesidad posterior a la intervención, se encontraron cambios positivos en cada una de las dimensiones. Sin embargo, tanto en la reducción de IMC, así como en las dimensiones del cuestionario, la diferencia encontrada, no fue estadísticamente significativa.  Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que una intervención educativa en hábitos de vida saludable vinculados con la obesidad en personal de salud, son eficaces para contribuir al autocuidado de los trabajadores en el ámbito laboral

Introduction. Worldwide, obesity is considered a public health problem because it affects the population of all ages, including the same personnel who work in health institutions, a situation that has repercussions in their personal and family environment, but above all at work, causing the worker difficulty in performing some procedures, absenteeism, partial or total disability and/or need for care, among others. Objective. To evaluate the effect of a self-care intervention on healthy life habits in relation to obesity in health personnel of a third level institution. Methodology. Quasi-experimental study, sample of 30 workers with overweight or some degree of obesity in a tertiary health institution. Ten topics related to obesity were taught in order to change deficient habits for healthy habits, in addition to 10 sessions of physical activity. Results. At the end of the intervention, two people lowered their body mass index level, one person with grade III obesity and one with grade II obesity lowered to normal weight. Regarding the anthropometric measures after the intervention, there was a reduction in each one of the parameters, regarding the evaluation of the healthy life habits questionnaire, related to obesity after the intervention, positive changes were found in each one of the dimensions. However, both in the reduction of BMI and in the dimensions of the questionnaire, the difference found was not statistically significant. Conclusions. The results suggest that an educational intervention on healthy lifestyle habits related to obesity in health personnel is effective in contributing to the self-care of workers in the workplace

Introdução. A nível mundial, a obesidade é considerada um problema de saúde pública porque afecta a população de todas as idades, incluindo o próprio pessoal que trabalha nas instituições de saúde, situação que tem repercussões no seu ambiente pessoal e familiar, mas sobretudo no trabalho, causando ao trabalhador dificuldade na realização de alguns procedimentos, absentismo, incapacidade parcial ou total e/ou necessidade de cuidados, entre outros. Objectivos. Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção de autocuidado sobre hábitos de vida saudáveis em relação à obesidade em profissionais de saúde de uma instituição de cuidados terciários. Metodologia. Estudo quase-experimental, amostra de 30 trabalhadores com excesso de peso ou algum grau de obesidade numa instituição de saúde terciária. Foram ensinados dez temas relacionados com a obesidade, com o objetivo de mudar hábitos deficientes por hábitos saudáveis, além de 10 sessões de atividade física. Resultados. No final da intervenção, duas pessoas baixaram o índice de massa corporal, uma pessoa com obesidade de grau III e uma com obesidade de grau II passaram para o peso normal. Relativamente às medidas antropométricas após a intervenção, verificou-se uma redução em cada um dos parâmetros, e relativamente à avaliação do questionário de hábitos de vida saudáveis relacionados com a obesidade após a intervenção, verificaram-se alterações positivas em cada uma das dimensões. No entanto, tanto na redução do IMC como nas dimensões do questionário, a diferença encontrada não foi estatisticamente significativa. Conclusões. Os resultados sugerem que uma intervenção educativa sobre hábitos de vida saudáveis ligados à obesidade no pessoal de saúde é eficaz para contribuir para o autocuidado dos trabalhadores no local de trabalho

Lifestyle and cardiovascular risk in working young adults: insights from a nationwide Spanish cohort.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the cardiovascular risk profile of working young adults from Spain and its association with lifestyle. METHODS: Participants (18-30 years) were recruited from a nationwide cohort of economically active adults insured by a large occupational risk prevention company, with data obtained from routine medical assessments. The participants were categorized as having an "unhealthy" cardiovascular risk profile based on the presence of prediabetes/diabetes, prehypertension/hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia, or a "healthy" profile if these conditions were completely absent. The association with lifestyle factors (weight, physical activity, sleeping characteristics, alcohol consumption, smoking) was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 78 421 young adults (27±2 years, 36% female) were evaluated at baseline. The "unhealthy" cardiovascular risk profile was prevalent (18%) and inversely associated (OR, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.57-0.80) with an optimal lifestyle (normal weight, regular physical activity, no drinking/smoking, and good sleep). The latter condition was found in only 3.5% of the participants. On the other hand, prospective analyses in 44 776 participants (median follow-up=2 [range 2-5] years) showed that 2.0% transitioned from a "healthy" to an "unhealthy" profile. Being physically active (OR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.81-0.99) and having a normal weight (OR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.51-0.70) were associated with a lower likelihood of this transition. No consistent associations were found for other lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is high in economically active young Spanish adults. An unhealthy cardiovascular risk profile is inversely associated with an optimal lifestyle, but the latter is highly infrequent in this population.